Berry phases for quadratic spin Hamiltonians taken from atomic and solid state physics: examples of Abelian gauge fields not connected to physical particles
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منابع مشابه
Light-induced gauge fields for ultracold atoms.
Gauge fields are central in our modern understanding of physics at all scales. At the highest energy scales known, the microscopic universe is governed by particles interacting with each other through the exchange of gauge bosons. At the largest length scales, our Universe is ruled by gravity, whose gauge structure suggests the existence of a particle-the graviton-that mediates the gravitationa...
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